flag smut การใช้

• Flag smut is a systemic disease that starts in young tissues.
• The first reports of flag smut's presence came from Australia in 1868.
• Flag smut is widespread across Australia and was particularly problematic in the 1920s until resistant cultivars were discovered and put into use.
• Through use of resistant cultivars, the Pacific Northwest's flag smut issue no longer poses a significant threat to yields.
• Generally, strategies to prevent flag smut include use of disease resistant cultivars, chemical seed treatments, and crop rotation to reduce amount of inocula present.
• The development of flag smut in Australia in the nineteenth century, followed by the United States in the twentieth century, is likely due to the spread and exchange of contaminated seeds.
• Between 1955 and 1971, flag smut damage and distribution increased in the Pacific Northwest of the United States when the use of several susceptible wheat cultivars was coupled with deep seeding in early autumn planting.
• Flag smut fungi germinate in dry soils when the temperature ranges from 40-80 癋 . Flag smut has been reported in Australia, South Africa, China, Japan, India, Egypt, and Pakistan.
• Flag smut fungi germinate in dry soils when the temperature ranges from 40-80 癋 . Flag smut has been reported in Australia, South Africa, China, Japan, India, Egypt, and Pakistan.
• He then developed a series of other strains such as Canberra, Firbank, Cleveland, Pearlie White ( named after a child in the neighbourhood who was very interested in his work ) and Florence ( resistant to flag smut ).
• Relatives of " U . agropyri " infect other grasses and are frequently identified as the causal organism of flag smut on wheat, but there is debate still as to whether they are the same organism or different strains.